Journal of Studies in Dynamics and Change (JSDC)

Owned Fund Growth of Odisha State Cooperative Bank

RANJAN KUMAR NAYAK — 2025-10-01

This study examines the long-term growth trajectory of the owned fund of Odisha State Cooperative Bank (OSCB) over the period 1950–2023, situating its financial evolution within the broader context of cooperative banking reforms, economic liberalization, and technological modernization in India. Using time-series data sourced from official reports and publications of NABARD, RBI, and OSCB, the study applies a mixed-method approach combining descriptive statistics, decade-wise growth analysis, and advanced econometric tools including ARIMA (1,1,1) modeling, exponential forecasting, and structural break testing through the CUSUM method. The results reveal a consistent upward trend in owned fund growth, with the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) estimated at 14.7%, indicating strong institutional capital formation. Structural break analysis identifies significant shifts around the 1980s and 2000s, corresponding to key policy interventions and financial modernization phases. Forecasting results suggest continued growth through 2030, albeit at a moderating pace, signaling the maturity of the institution’s financial structure. The findings align with earlier research on cooperative banking but provide a more rigorous empirical foundation through long-horizon time series modeling. Policy recommendations emphasize capital strengthening, technological adoption, risk management, and regulatory coordination to sustain financial growth. This study fills a critical research gap by providing a comprehensive, data-driven analysis of OSCB’s capital evolution, offering valuable insights for policymakers, cooperative banking practitioners, and researchers in rural finance and development.

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Contribution to Sustainable Development

Aneesah Rahaman — 2025-10-01

Natural Resource Management (NRM) activities are vital to watershed management in various Indian government schemes, including Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act (MGNREGA), PMKSY-WDC, and IWMP. Launched in 2006, India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a public welfare initiative aimed at poverty alleviation through a multi-faceted approach. Recognized as a fundamental scheme for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this study evaluates the impact and outcomes of MGNREGA projects in relation to the SDGs in Rangaon Gram Panchayat, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand. A total of 232 geotags belonging to various categories of activities and administrative boundaries pertaining to gram panchayat and state were taken from Bhuvan GeoMGNREGA portal. Remote Sensing data from LISS-IV and Sentinel-2A sensor for the years 2017-18 & 2023-24 were used to calculate vegetation indices like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). These indices indicate better vegetation health, more productive and sustainable agricultural practices in the study area. Through community interaction, socio-economic survey covering both quantitative and qualitative data collection was carried out on a 5 point Likert scale to measure impacts and beneficiary satisfaction. The survey reflects the positive impacts of the scheme through increased employment, infrastructure development, and enhanced access to education and healthcare and high participation of women, reflecting towards gender equality.

Structural Changes and Labour Reallocation in India

Budhadev Mahanta Buddha — 2025-10-01

Structural changes in an economy drive labour reallocation across sectors, influencing productivity, employment patterns, and economic growth. In developing regions, this transition often begins with a shift from agriculture to manufacturing and services, followed by a growing dominance of the service sector. This paper examines how structural change has shaped labour reallocation in Odisha’s economy over the past three decades (1991–2021) in comparison with India. Using the Michaely index, the study measures the extent of sectoral shifts, while a decomposition analysis explores the relationship between structural transformation, economic growth, and employment. The findings reveal that structural change has been a weak driver of economic growth in both regions, with a similarly sluggish impact on employment conditions. This study seeks to guide policymakers in crafting strategies that not only foster structural change but also enhance economic growth and expand employment opportunities in the region.